Wildfire smoke is a health and safety concern for all workers
Toronto – July 16, 2026 – As Canada’s wildfire seasons continue to intensify, many workers are facing increased concerns about wildfire smoke as a workplace hazard.
What is wildfire smoke?
Wildfire smoke is made up of a complex mixture of fine particles (PM2.5) and gases produced when wood, plastics and other materials burn. The biggest health concern from smoke is from fine particles (PM2.5). These microscopic particles can irate or harm eyes and respiratory systems.
Smoke from wildfires can affect you when working both indoors and outdoors. Signs and symptoms include burning eyes, runny nose, phlegmy cough, sore throat, and difficulty breathing. Vulnerable workers include workers with respiratory conditions, heart conditions, other health conditions and other high-risk groups, such as pregnant people.
The Government of Canada’s page on wildfire smoke and health has up-to-date information about air quality in your community.
Reducing wildfire smoke exposure
For outdoor workers, consult the Air Quality Health Index in your region (AQHI). Employers should provide additional breaks in indoor buildings or vehicles. Wear a tight-fitting respirator.
For indoor workplaces, outdoor air exposure should be reduced. Air filters in the HVAC system should be MERV 13 or higher and in good condition. Portable air cleaners should be brought in to improve on mechanical ventilation systems.
Employer responsibilities
Many Canadian jurisdictions do not have specific legislation that deals with indoor air quality issues in non-industrial workplaces. In the absence of such legislation, the "general duty clause" applies. This clause, common to all Canadian occupational health and safety legislation, states that an employer must provide a safe and healthy workplace. Thus, making sure the air is of good quality is the employer's duty.
The employer should reasonably provide proper air filtering, ventilation and movement, proper fitting respirators (N95 or better), and additional breaks. Strenuous work should be rescheduled until the air quality improves. The employer is also responsible for providing an environmental/emergency response plan, information and training, and AQHI monitoring and communication.
Resources:
- Infographic on wildfire smoke and workplaces, Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW)
- Wildfire Smoke: OHS information for employers and workers, Alberta Government
- Wildfire Smoke: Frequently Asked Questions, WorkSafeBC
- Health Effects of Smoke Exposure due to Wildland Fires, Manitoba Government
- Wildfire smoke and your health, Government of Canada
